推薦新聞
聯(lián)系我們
來源：http://www.hbcax.com/ 日期：2026-05-03
為規(guī)范干粉系列消防車實操流程，協(xié)助消防救援人員切實提升實戰(zhàn)處置能力，有效防范裝備操作安全風(fēng)險、延長裝備使用壽命，結(jié)合一線實戰(zhàn)處置需求、裝備實際構(gòu)造及國家相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求，特編制本實戰(zhàn)指南。本指南覆蓋干粉消防車核心知識、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實操流程、日常維護(hù)保養(yǎng)及常見故障排除等關(guān)鍵內(nèi)容，嚴(yán)格遵循GB7956.1《消防車第1部分通用技術(shù)條件》、GB7956.2《消防車第2部分水罐消防車》、GB7956.3《消防車第3部分泡沫消防車》、GB7956.4《消防車第4部分干粉消防車》系列國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，可基本滿足各類消防救援人員崗前培訓(xùn)、日常技能鞏固及實戰(zhàn)應(yīng)急演練的學(xué)習(xí)需求，助力救援人員熟練掌握裝備操作技巧、提升實戰(zhàn)處置水平，確?；饒鎏幹酶咝?、安全、規(guī)范。也有助于消防車設(shè)計制造人員了解車輛結(jié)構(gòu)與功能以及使用規(guī)范，使設(shè)計制造更貼合實戰(zhàn)需求。
In order to standardize the practical operation process of dry powder series fire trucks, assist firefighting and rescue personnel in effectively improving their practical disposal capabilities, prevent equipment operation safety risks, and extend equipment service life, this practical guide is specially formulated based on the needs of frontline practical disposal, actual equipment structure, and relevant national standards requirements. This guide covers the core knowledge, standard practical operation process, daily maintenance, common troubleshooting and other key contents of dry powder fire engines. It strictly follows the national standards of GB7956.1 Fire fighting Vehicles Part 1 General Technical Conditions, GB7956.2 Fire fighting Vehicles Part 2 Water Tank Fire fighting Vehicles, GB7956.3 Fire fighting Vehicles Part 3 foam Fire fighting Vehicles, and GB7956.4 Fire fighting Vehicles Part 4 Dry Powder Fire fighting Vehicles. It can basically meet the learning needs of all kinds of fire rescue personnel for pre job training, daily skill consolidation and practical emergency drills, help rescue personnel to master equipment operation skills, improve the level of actual combat disposal, and ensure efficient, safe and standardized fire site disposal. It also helps fire truck designers and manufacturers understand the structure, function, and usage standards of the vehicle, making the design and manufacturing more in line with practical needs.
一、干粉消防車核心認(rèn)知與實操要點
1、 Core cognition and practical points of dry powder fire trucks
（一）概念
（1） Concept
干粉消防車是以干粉為核心滅火劑，配套高壓氮氣體動力系統(tǒng)，可快速噴射干粉、高效處置各類可燃固體、液體、氣體火災(zāi)的罐類消防車。該車型具備機動靈活、滅火效率高、適用場景廣的突出優(yōu)勢，是消防救援隊伍快速處置初期火情、應(yīng)對復(fù)雜火災(zāi)現(xiàn)場的核心裝備，廣泛應(yīng)用于石油化工園區(qū)、居民社區(qū)、工業(yè)園區(qū)等各類火災(zāi)處置場景，在火災(zāi)防控與應(yīng)急救援工作中發(fā)揮著不可替代的關(guān)鍵作用。
Dry powder fire truck is a tank type fire truck that uses dry powder as the core extinguishing agent and is equipped with a high-pressure nitrogen gas power system. It can quickly spray dry powder and efficiently handle various combustible solid, liquid, and gas fires. This model has outstanding advantages such as maneuverability, high fire extinguishing efficiency, and wide applicability. It is the core equipment for fire rescue teams to quickly deal with initial fires and respond to complex fire scenes. It is widely used in various fire disposal scenarios such as petrochemical parks, residential communities, and industrial parks, and plays an irreplaceable key role in fire prevention and emergency rescue work.
干粉消防車整體外觀圖
Overall appearance of dry powder fire truck
?。ǘ┯猛?/span>
?。?） Purpose:
結(jié)合火災(zāi)分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（A類：固體物質(zhì)火災(zāi)、B類：液體或可熔化固體物質(zhì)火災(zāi)、C類：氣體火災(zāi)、E類：帶電設(shè)備火災(zāi)），三類干粉系列消防車的適用火災(zāi)類別及具體場景明確如下：1.干粉消防車：核心適用于B類（石油、化工原料、油漆、有機溶劑等易燃液體火災(zāi)）、C類（天然氣、煤氣、液化氣等可燃?xì)怏w火災(zāi)）、E類（變壓器、配電柜等帶電設(shè)備火災(zāi)），可輔助撲救A類（木材、紙張、織物等可燃固體火災(zāi)），尤其適用于撲救E類火災(zāi)，可在不切斷電源的前提下快速壓制火情，有效規(guī)避觸電事故擴(kuò)大風(fēng)險。
Based on the fire classification standards (Class A: solid material fire, Class B: liquid or meltable solid material fire, Class C: gas fire, Class E: live equipment fire), the applicable fire categories and specific scenarios of the three types of dry powder series fire trucks are as follows: 1. Dry powder fire trucks: the core is suitable for Class B (flammable liquid fires such as petroleum, chemical raw materials, paint, organic solvents, etc.), Class C (flammable gas fires such as natural gas, coal gas, liquefied gas, etc.), Class E (live equipment fires such as transformers, distribution cabinets, etc.), which can assist in extinguishing Class A (flammable solid fires such as wood, paper, fabrics, etc.), especially suitable for extinguishing Class E fires, and can quickly suppress the fire without cutting off the power supply, effectively avoiding electric shock. The accident increases the risk.
2.干粉泡沫聯(lián)用消防車：在干粉消防車適用范圍基礎(chǔ)上，強化B類火災(zāi)處置能力，可高效撲救大面積B類火災(zāi)，同時能協(xié)同處置A+B、A+C等復(fù)合型火災(zāi)，彌補單一滅火劑的處置局限性。3.干粉水聯(lián)用消防車：在干粉消防車適用范圍基礎(chǔ)上，強化A類火災(zāi)處置能力，可高效撲救A類（木材、織物、煤炭等可燃固體火災(zāi)），同時能協(xié)同處置A+B、A+C等復(fù)合型火災(zāi)，兼具控火與降溫功能，可有效防止火情復(fù)燃。
2. Dry powder foam combined fire truck: on the basis of the scope of application of dry powder fire truck, strengthen the ability to deal with Class B fires, which can effectively put out a large area of Class B fires, and at the same time can cooperate to deal with A+B, A+C and other complex fires, making up for the disposal limitations of a single extinguishing agent. 3. Dry powder water combined fire truck: Based on the scope of application of dry powder fire trucks, the disposal capability of Class A fires is strengthened, which can efficiently extinguish Class A (combustible solid fires such as wood, fabric, coal, etc.), and can also coordinate the disposal of A+B, A+C and other composite fires. It has both fire control and cooling functions, which can effectively prevent the recurrence of fires.
三類消防車均可與對應(yīng)滅火劑協(xié)同配合，進(jìn)一步提升火情控制效果，最大限度降低人員傷亡和財產(chǎn)損失。
All three types of fire trucks can cooperate with corresponding fire extinguishing agents to further enhance fire control effectiveness and minimize casualties and property losses.
?。ㄈ┙Y(jié)構(gòu) 干粉消防車屬于罐類消防車，整體結(jié)構(gòu)由底盤、附加電氣系統(tǒng)、上裝車身三大核心部分構(gòu)成，其中上裝車身搭載的干粉滅火系統(tǒng)是其核心工作單元。各部分具體功能及構(gòu)造規(guī)范如下：1.底盤：作為整車的承載基礎(chǔ)，承擔(dān)車身所有部件的承載任務(wù)，提供行駛動力與穩(wěn)定支撐，其性能直接決定消防車的機動響應(yīng)速度和作業(yè)穩(wěn)定性。底盤需嚴(yán)格遵循GB7956.1《消防車第1部分通用技術(shù)條件》要求，能適應(yīng)火場陡坡、泥濘、狹窄等復(fù)雜路況，確保車輛動力、制動、轉(zhuǎn)向等核心性能達(dá)標(biāo)，保障車輛快速、安全抵達(dá)火災(zāi)現(xiàn)場，為火情處置爭取寶貴時間。2.附加電氣系統(tǒng)：核心由警燈警報系統(tǒng)和信號照明系統(tǒng)組成，需嚴(yán)格符合GB7956.1《消防車第1部分通用技術(shù)條件》中關(guān)于電氣系統(tǒng)的安全規(guī)范。警燈警報系統(tǒng)用于車輛行駛過程中警示過往車輛、行人及時避讓，保障車輛快速通行；信號照明系統(tǒng)用于夜間、昏暗環(huán)境或濃煙場景下的作業(yè)照明，為操作人員提供清晰操作視野、保障作業(yè)安全，且所有照明、信號裝置需嚴(yán)格符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定的數(shù)量、位置和光色要求。
?。?） The structural dry powder fire truck belongs to the tank type fire truck, and its overall structure consists of three core parts: the chassis, the additional electrical system, and the upper body. The dry powder fire extinguishing system installed on the upper body is its core working unit. The specific functions and construction specifications of each part are as follows: 1. Chassis: As the load-bearing foundation of the entire vehicle, it undertakes the load-bearing task of all body components, provides driving power and stable support, and its performance directly determines the maneuvering response speed and operational stability of the fire truck. The chassis must strictly comply with the requirements of GB7956.1 "General Technical Conditions for Fire Trucks Part 1", and be able to adapt to complex road conditions such as steep slopes, mud, and narrowness in fire scenes, ensuring that the core performance of the vehicle, such as power, braking, and steering, meets the standards, ensuring that the vehicle arrives at the fire scene quickly and safely, and buying valuable time for fire disposal. 2. Additional electrical system: The core consists of a warning light alarm system and a signal lighting system, which must strictly comply with the safety specifications for electrical systems in GB7956.1 "Fire Trucks Part 1 General Technical Conditions". The warning light alarm system is used to warn passing vehicles and pedestrians to avoid in a timely manner during vehicle driving, ensuring fast passage of vehicles; The signal lighting system is used for work lighting at night, in dim environments, or in thick smoke scenes, providing clear visibility for operators and ensuring work safety. All lighting and signal devices must strictly comply with the quantity, location, and color requirements specified in the standards.
3.上裝車身：主要由上裝箱體和干粉滅火系統(tǒng)組成，其中干粉滅火系統(tǒng)是滅火作業(yè)的核心單元，包含各類關(guān)鍵部件及系統(tǒng)配置，各部件各司其職、協(xié)同運行，確保滅火作業(yè)高效、順暢開展，具體核心部件如下：
3. Assembly of the vehicle body: It mainly consists of an assembly box and a dry powder fire extinguishing system. The dry powder fire extinguishing system is the core unit of fire extinguishing operations, including various key components and system configurations. Each component plays its own role and operates in coordination to ensure efficient and smooth fire extinguishing operations. The specific core components are as follows:
-干粉罐：用于貯存干粉滅火劑的高壓密閉容器，需嚴(yán)格遵循GB7956.4《消防車第4部分干粉消防車》標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求，配備進(jìn)氣環(huán)管，頂部設(shè)有安全閥接頭、放余氣接頭和壓力表接頭，可實時監(jiān)測罐內(nèi)壓力、及時釋放余氣，有效防范罐內(nèi)壓力過高引發(fā)的安全隱患，罐體材質(zhì)、耐壓性能需完全符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定，確保使用安全。
-Dry powder tank: a high-pressure sealed container used to store dry powder fire extinguishing agents, which must strictly comply with the requirements of GB7956.4 "Fire Truck Part 4 Dry Powder Fire Truck" standard. It is equipped with an intake ring pipe, a safety valve joint, a residual gas joint, and a pressure gauge joint at the top, which can monitor the pressure inside the tank in real time and release residual gas in a timely manner, effectively preventing safety hazards caused by excessive pressure inside the tank. The material and pressure resistance of the tank body must fully comply with the standard requirements to ensure safe use.
-氮氣體瓶組（動力系統(tǒng)）：由若干只高壓氣瓶組成，常規(guī)單瓶容量為40L，集中安裝于上裝箱體內(nèi)部，需符合GB7956.4《消防車第4部分干粉消防車》對動力系統(tǒng)的技術(shù)要求，是干粉滅火劑輸送的核心動力源，通過釋放高壓氮氣產(chǎn)生推力，推動干粉實現(xiàn)高速噴射。氣瓶的耐壓、密封性能需定期校驗，確保始終符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求，保障動力輸出穩(wěn)定可靠。
-Nitrogen gas cylinder group (power system): It consists of several high-pressure gas cylinders, with a conventional single cylinder capacity of 40L, centrally installed inside the upper box body, and needs to comply with the technical requirements of GB7956.4 "Fire Trucks Part 4: Dry Powder Fire Trucks" for the power system. It is the core power source for the transportation of dry powder fire extinguishing agents, which generates thrust by releasing high-pressure nitrogen gas and drives the dry powder to achieve high-speed spraying. The pressure resistance and sealing performance of gas cylinders need to be regularly verified to ensure compliance with standard requirements and ensure stable and reliable power output.
-輸氣系統(tǒng)：分為高壓輸氣系統(tǒng)和低壓輸氣系統(tǒng)，核心功能是將氮氣體瓶組內(nèi)的壓縮氮氣調(diào)節(jié)至與干粉罐適配的工作壓力，平穩(wěn)輸送至干粉罐內(nèi)，為干粉噴射提供持續(xù)、穩(wěn)定的動力支撐，保障噴射過程順暢、均勻。 需特別注意，高壓輸氣管路在使用過程中易出現(xiàn)結(jié)霜現(xiàn)象，該現(xiàn)象主要因高壓氮氣快速釋放時氣體膨脹吸熱，導(dǎo)致管路溫度驟降，空氣中的水汽在管路表面凝結(jié)成霜，屬于正常物理現(xiàn)象；正常結(jié)霜多集中在管路接口附近，呈均勻薄霜狀，若出現(xiàn)局部厚霜、結(jié)霜范圍快速擴(kuò)大，需警惕接口漏氣，同時需做好防護(hù)及相關(guān)操作，避免影響裝備使用和作業(yè)安全。
-Gas transmission system: It is divided into high-pressure gas transmission system and low-pressure gas transmission system. The core function is to adjust the compressed nitrogen gas in the nitrogen gas cylinder group to the working pressure suitable for the dry powder tank, smoothly deliver it to the dry powder tank, and provide continuous and stable power support for dry powder injection, ensuring smooth and uniform injection process. Special attention should be paid to the occurrence of frosting in high-pressure gas pipelines during use. This phenomenon is mainly caused by the rapid release of high-pressure nitrogen gas, which expands and absorbs heat, resulting in a sudden drop in pipeline temperature. The water vapor in the air condenses into frost on the surface of the pipeline, which is a normal physical phenomenon; Normal frosting is mostly concentrated near the pipeline interface, appearing as uniform thin frost. If there is local thick frost and the frosting area rapidly expands, it is necessary to be alert to air leakage at the interface, and to take protective measures and related operations to avoid affecting equipment use and operational safety.
-干粉炮：可變量噴射裝備，具備兩種不同發(fā)射強度，由炮管、彎頭內(nèi)套管、定位機構(gòu)及變量閥等部件組成，可靈活調(diào)節(jié)噴射角度和強度，適配不同火勢大小的處置需求，實現(xiàn)大范圍火情覆蓋，提升火情處置效率，助力快速控制火勢蔓延。
-Dry powder cannon: a variable spraying equipment with two different firing intensities, consisting of a barrel, an elbow inner sleeve, a positioning mechanism, and a variable valve. It can flexibly adjust the spraying angle and intensity, adapt to the disposal needs of different fire sizes, achieve large-scale fire coverage, improve fire disposal efficiency, and help quickly control the spread of fire.
-出粉管路：常規(guī)配備1-3條，分別為炮出粉管路、左干粉出粉管路和右干粉出粉管路，一端連接干粉罐，另一端分別對接干粉炮和干粉槍，可實現(xiàn)多方位、多角度火情處置，提升滅火操作靈活性，滿足不同場景下的滅火需求。
-Powder discharge pipeline: Typically equipped with 1-3 pipelines, namely the cannon powder discharge pipeline, the left dry powder discharge pipeline, and the right dry powder discharge pipeline. One end is connected to the dry powder tank, and the other end is respectively connected to the dry powder cannon and dry powder gun, which can achieve multi-directional and multi angle fire disposal, improve the flexibility of fire extinguishing operations, and meet the fire extinguishing needs in different scenarios.
-吹掃管路：用于滅火作業(yè)結(jié)束后，對出粉管路、干粉炮、干粉槍進(jìn)行全面吹掃清理，徹底清除管路內(nèi)殘留干粉，防止余粉結(jié)塊堵塞管路，保障裝備下次正常投入使用，避免因管路堵塞影響火情處置進(jìn)度。
-Purging pipeline: used for comprehensive blowing and cleaning of the powder discharge pipeline, dry powder cannon, and dry powder gun after the completion of fire extinguishing operations, thoroughly removing residual dry powder in the pipeline, preventing the blockage of the pipeline by residual powder clumping, ensuring the normal use of equipment next time, and avoiding the impact of pipeline blockage on the progress of fire disposal.
-放余氣管路：用于干粉噴射停止后，緩慢釋放干粉罐內(nèi)剩余氣體，逐步將罐內(nèi)壓力降至零位，避免高壓氣體長期留存對裝備造成損壞，杜絕安全事故發(fā)生，保障裝備及操作人員安全。
-Residual gas release pipeline: used to slowly release the remaining gas in the dry powder tank after the dry powder injection stops, gradually reducing the pressure inside the tank to zero, avoiding the long-term retention of high-pressure gas and causing damage to equipment, preventing safety accidents, and ensuring the safety of equipment and operators.
-干粉槍及卷盤：連接左右出粉管路，適用于近距離處置小型火情、精準(zhǔn)撲救局部火源；卷盤可靈活拉伸、收納，提升操作便捷性，便于操作人員快速展開處置，提高初期火情處置效率，實現(xiàn)“打早、打小、打了”的處置目標(biāo)。
-Dry powder gun and reel: connected to the left and right powder discharge pipelines, suitable for handling small fires at close range and accurately extinguishing local fire sources; The reel can be flexibly stretched and stored, improving operational convenience, facilitating quick deployment and disposal by operators, improving the efficiency of initial fire disposal, and achieving the disposal goal of "hitting early, hitting small, and hitting".
4.出粉系統(tǒng)配置說明：最常見的干粉消防車通常采用“一個干粉罐對應(yīng)一套出粉系統(tǒng)”的配置，但從專業(yè)消防車輛結(jié)構(gòu)來看，實際配置會根據(jù)車型設(shè)計和滅火需求呈現(xiàn)不同組合方式，具體分為以下四種常見配置：
4. Description of Powder Dispensing System Configuration: The most common dry powder fire truck usually adopts the configuration of "one dry powder tank corresponds to one powder dispensing system". However, from the perspective of professional fire truck structure, the actual configuration will present different combinations according to the vehicle design and fire extinguishing needs, which are specifically divided into the following four common configurations:
1）.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)一罐一套系統(tǒng)（最常見）：對于大多數(shù)中小型干粉消防車，為簡化管路設(shè)計、減輕車重并方便日常維護(hù)，通常配備1個干粉罐，并對應(yīng)1套獨立的出粉管路和噴射系統(tǒng)（通常包括1門干粉炮和1-2支干粉槍）。該布局結(jié)構(gòu)清晰、操作便捷，能滿足大部分常規(guī)B類（液體）和C類（氣體）火災(zāi)的撲救需求。
1）. Standard one tank one set system (most commonly): For most small and medium-sized dry powder fire trucks, in order to simplify pipeline design, reduce vehicle weight, and facilitate daily maintenance, one dry powder tank is usually equipped, corresponding to one independent powder discharge pipeline and spraying system (usually including one dry powder gun and 1-2 dry powder guns). The layout structure is clear and easy to operate, which can meet the firefighting needs of most conventional Class B (liquid) and Class C (gas) fires.
2）.多罐共享一套系統(tǒng)：在一些大型干粉消防車（如重型干粉泡沫聯(lián)用車或大容量純干粉車）上，為大幅增加干粉攜帶量，以應(yīng)對長時間、高強度火災(zāi)（如大型石化儲罐火災(zāi)），通常會配備2個及以上干粉罐。受車體上裝空間和操控復(fù)雜性限制，這多個罐體往往并聯(lián)接入同一套輸氣和出粉總管，共享1套干粉炮和管路系統(tǒng)。實戰(zhàn)中，操作人員可通過閥門控制，依次或同時將多個罐體內(nèi)的干粉通過這套系統(tǒng)噴射出去。
2）. Multiple tanks share a set of system: some large dry powder fire trucks (such as heavy dry powder foam combined vehicles or large capacity dry powder trucks) are usually equipped with two or more dry powder tanks in order to significantly increase the carrying capacity of dry powder to cope with long-term and high intensity fires (such as large petrochemical tank fires). Due to the limitations of space and handling complexity on the vehicle body, these multiple tanks are often connected in parallel to the same set of gas and powder delivery pipelines, sharing one set of dry powder guns and pipeline systems. In actual combat, operators can use valves to control the spraying of dry powder from multiple tanks through this system, either sequentially or simultaneously.
3）.一罐對應(yīng)多套系統(tǒng)（較少見但存在）：在某些特殊定制的高端消防車上，為實現(xiàn)更大面積火力覆蓋或同時開展不同方向滅火作業(yè)，也可將1個大型干粉罐通過復(fù)雜分流管路，連接并對應(yīng)2套及以上獨立出粉系統(tǒng)（例如2門干粉炮或4支干粉槍）。不過該配置對罐體內(nèi)氣壓穩(wěn)定性和管路流體力學(xué)設(shè)計要求極高。
3）. One tank corresponds to multiple systems (rare but existing): In some specially customized high-end fire trucks, in order to achieve larger fire coverage or simultaneously carry out fire extinguishing operations in different directions, one large dry powder tank can also be connected and correspond to two or more independent powder dispensing systems (such as two dry powder cannons or four dry powder guns) through complex diversion pipelines. However, this configuration requires extremely high pressure stability inside the tank and fluid dynamics design of the pipeline.
4）.多罐配備多套獨立出粉系統(tǒng)（多對多）：該配置屬于高端定制化配置，主要應(yīng)用于超大噸位特種消防車或極端復(fù)雜火災(zāi)處置場景（如大型石化基地、機場特勤等）。其核心特點是配備多個干粉罐（通常為2個及以上），且每個干粉罐均對應(yīng)一套獨立的出粉管路、噴射系統(tǒng)及動力輔助系統(tǒng)，相當(dāng)于多輛標(biāo)準(zhǔn)干粉消防車的上裝系統(tǒng)集成在同一底盤上。該配置的優(yōu)勢是多套系統(tǒng)可完全獨立運行、互為備份，能實現(xiàn)多方向、高強度同步噴射，大幅提升復(fù)雜火情處置效率和可靠性，可應(yīng)對長時間、大范圍極端火災(zāi)場景，但對底盤承重、管路設(shè)計及操作協(xié)同要求極高，日常維護(hù)難度和成本也相對較高。
4）. Multiple tanks equipped with multiple independent powder extraction systems (many to many): This configuration is a high-end customized configuration, mainly used for ultra large tonnage special fire trucks or extremely complex fire disposal scenarios (such as large petrochemical bases, airport special operations, etc.). Its core feature is equipped with multiple dry powder tanks (usually 2 or more), and each dry powder tank corresponds to an independent powder discharge pipeline, spray system, and power assist system, which is equivalent to the upper system of multiple standard dry powder fire trucks integrated on the same chassis. The advantage of this configuration is that multiple systems can operate completely independently and serve as backups for each other, enabling multi-directional and high-intensity synchronous spraying, greatly improving the efficiency and reliability of complex fire response, and can cope with long-term and large-scale extreme fire scenarios. However, it requires extremely high requirements for chassis load-bearing, pipeline design, and operational coordination, and daily maintenance difficulty and cost are relatively high.
總結(jié)來說：“一罐對一套系統(tǒng)”是干粉消防車最經(jīng)典、最普遍的結(jié)構(gòu)單元。面對更復(fù)雜的工業(yè)或機場消防救援任務(wù)時，工程師會通過增減罐體數(shù)量或并聯(lián)/分流管路，演變出“多罐一套”“一罐多套”及“多罐多套”的靈活配置。無論哪種配置，其核心目的都是在最短時間內(nèi)輸出最大干粉流量，實現(xiàn)最快滅火抑爆效果。
In summary, the "one tank to one system" is the most classic and common structural unit of dry powder fire trucks. When facing more complex industrial or airport firefighting and rescue tasks, engineers will evolve flexible configurations such as "one set of multiple tanks", "one set of multiple tanks", and "multiple sets of multiple tanks" by increasing or decreasing the number of tanks or parallel/split pipelines. Regardless of the configuration, the core goal is to output the maximum dry powder flow rate in the shortest possible time, achieving the fastest fire extinguishing and explosion suppression effect.
氮氣瓶組及輸氣系統(tǒng)配置說明：作為干粉消防車的“心臟”，氮氣瓶組及輸氣系統(tǒng)的配置方式與出粉系統(tǒng)類似，主要分為“一對一”和“多對一/一對多/多對多”幾種模式，具體配置邏輯結(jié)合車型需求設(shè)計，詳細(xì)如下：
Description of nitrogen cylinder group and gas transmission system configuration: As the "heart" of the dry powder fire truck, the configuration of the nitrogen cylinder group and gas transmission system is similar to that of the powder discharge system, mainly divided into "one-to-one" and "many to one/one to many/many to many" modes. The specific configuration logic is designed according to the requirements of the vehicle type, as follows:
1）.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)配置：一個干粉罐對應(yīng)一套氮氣瓶組及輸氣系統(tǒng)。這是市面上最常見、最普遍的配置形式（尤其適用于裝載量3噸以下的單車）。結(jié)構(gòu)特點為：一輛車配備1個干粉罐，搭配1套獨立的氮氣瓶組（通常由4~9只高壓氣瓶組成）和1套輸氣管路（包含獨立的減壓閥、高壓管和低壓進(jìn)氣管等）。其核心優(yōu)勢是系統(tǒng)完全獨立，管路設(shè)計簡單清晰，液壓/氣壓控制邏輯簡潔，日常維護(hù)和故障排查極為方便，適配中小型消防車常規(guī)作業(yè)需求。
1）. Standard configuration: One dry powder tank corresponds to one set of nitrogen cylinder group and gas transmission system. This is the most common and widespread configuration form on the market (especially suitable for bicycles with a loading capacity of less than 3 tons). The structural characteristics are: one vehicle is equipped with one dry powder tank, paired with one independent nitrogen cylinder group (usually composed of 4-9 high-pressure gas cylinders) and one set of gas transmission pipelines (including independent pressure reducing valves, high-pressure pipes, and low-pressure intake pipes, etc.). Its core advantage is that the system is completely independent, the pipeline design is simple and clear, the hydraulic/pneumatic control logic is concise, daily maintenance and troubleshooting are extremely convenient, and it is suitable for the routine operation needs of small and medium-sized fire trucks.
2）.大型車輛配置一：多罐共享一套大型氮氣瓶組（一對多）。在某些重型干粉消防車（如搭載2個3噸干粉罐的大型聯(lián)用消防車）上，為嚴(yán)格控制整車總重并節(jié)約底盤上裝空間，廠家往往采用“兩套干粉罐+一套超大型氮氣瓶組”的設(shè)計。結(jié)構(gòu)特點為：將氮氣瓶組數(shù)量大幅增加（如并聯(lián)18只大容量氮氣瓶），再通過一套大流量輸氣主管路，分流分別向兩個干粉罐供氣。相比兩套獨立氮氣系統(tǒng)，該設(shè)計減少了瓶組框架、減壓閥和高壓管路的使用量，大幅減輕死重，同時降低制造成本，適配大型車輛大容量滅火需求。
2）. Large vehicle configuration one: Multiple tanks share a set of large nitrogen cylinder sets (one to many). On some heavy-duty dry powder fire trucks (such as large combined fire trucks equipped with two 3-ton dry powder tanks), in order to strictly control the total weight of the vehicle and save space on the chassis, manufacturers often adopt a design of "two sets of dry powder tanks+one set of ultra large nitrogen cylinder sets". The structural feature is to significantly increase the number of nitrogen cylinder groups (such as parallel connection of 18 high-capacity nitrogen cylinders), and then supply gas to two dry powder tanks separately through a set of high flow gas transmission main pipelines. Compared to two independent nitrogen systems, this design reduces the use of bottle group frames, pressure reducing valves, and high-pressure pipelines, significantly reducing dead weight and manufacturing costs, and is suitable for the large capacity fire extinguishing needs of large vehicles.
3）.大型車輛配置二：多罐配備多套獨立氮氣系統(tǒng)（多對多）。該配置與出粉系統(tǒng)“多罐多套”配置相匹配，主要應(yīng)用于超大噸位特種消防車，通常配備2個及以上干粉罐，每個干粉罐均搭配一套完整的氮氣瓶組及輸氣系統(tǒng)，與出粉系統(tǒng)“多罐多套”配置完全匹配，實現(xiàn)“一罐一動力一出粉”的獨立運行模式。其結(jié)構(gòu)特點相當(dāng)于把兩輛及以上標(biāo)準(zhǔn)干粉車的上裝并聯(lián)在一個大底盤上，例如某款車型就配置了2個干粉罐和18只氮氣瓶（分為兩組），配備2個減壓閥和2套操作系統(tǒng)面板。其核心優(yōu)勢是擁有極致的氣量和噴射流量，兩套系統(tǒng)可完全獨立運行、互為備份，可靠性極高，適合應(yīng)對極其嚴(yán)苛的石化基地或機場特勤火災(zāi)等復(fù)雜場景，與出粉系統(tǒng)“多罐多套”配置協(xié)同，實現(xiàn)多方向、高強度同步滅火。
3）. Large vehicle configuration 2: Multiple tanks equipped with multiple independent nitrogen systems (many to many). This configuration is matched with the "multi tank, multi set" configuration of the powder dispensing system and is mainly used for ultra large tonnage special fire trucks. Usually equipped with 2 or more dry powder tanks, each dry powder tank is equipped with a complete set of nitrogen cylinders and gas transmission system, which is fully matched with the "multi tank, multi set" configuration of the powder dispensing system, achieving an independent operation mode of "one tank, one power, one powder dispensing". Its structural characteristics are equivalent to connecting the upper parts of two or more standard dry powder trucks in parallel on a large chassis. For example, a certain model is equipped with 2 dry powder tanks and 18 nitrogen cylinders (divided into two groups), equipped with 2 pressure reducing valves and 2 sets of operating system panels. Its core advantage is having the ultimate gas volume and jet flow rate. The two systems can operate completely independently and serve as backups for each other, with extremely high reliability. It is suitable for dealing with complex scenarios such as extremely harsh petrochemical bases or airport special operations fires. In conjunction with the powder dispensing system's "multiple tanks and multiple sets" configuration, it achieves multi-directional and high-intensity synchronous fire extinguishing.
總結(jié)與類比：若將干粉罐比作“彈藥箱”，則氮氣瓶組就是“高壓打氣筒”，輸氣系統(tǒng)就是“導(dǎo)氣管”。常規(guī)輕型/中型車：通常為1個彈藥箱配1個打氣筒（1:1配置）；重型/特種車：為提升效率或增加容量，可設(shè)計為2個彈藥箱共享1個超級打氣筒（2:1配置）、1個彈藥箱配多個打氣筒（1:多配置），或2個彈藥箱配2個打氣筒（2:2配置，即多對多配置）。具體采用哪種形式，消防車制造商會根據(jù)客戶所需干粉總量、底盤承重極限及項目預(yù)算，進(jìn)行最優(yōu)化結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計。
Summary and analogy: If the dry powder tank is compared to an "ammunition box", then the nitrogen cylinder group is the "high-pressure pump", and the gas delivery system is the "air duct". Conventional light/medium vehicles: typically 1 ammunition box with 1 pump (1:1 configuration); Heavy/special vehicles: To improve efficiency or increase capacity, they can be designed with 2 ammunition boxes sharing 1 super pump (2:1 configuration), 1 ammunition box with multiple pumps (1: multi configuration), or 2 ammunition boxes with 2 pumps (2:2 configuration, i.e. many to many configuration). The specific form to be adopted will be optimized by the fire truck manufacturer based on the total amount of dry powder required by the customer, the load-bearing limit of the chassis, and the project budget.
干粉消防車內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖1.底盤2.干粉罐3.高壓氣瓶組4.上裝箱體5.輸氣管道6.干粉卷盤7.干粉炮8.警燈警報系統(tǒng)
Internal structure diagram of dry powder fire truck 1. Chassis 2. Dry powder tank 3. High pressure gas cylinder group 4. Upper box body 5. Gas pipeline 6. Dry powder reel 7. Dry powder cannon 8. Alarm light system
干粉消防車組成結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖（四）工作原理 干粉消防車的滅火核心原理，是利用高壓氮氣作為驅(qū)動介質(zhì)，將干粉滅火劑通過管路高速噴出；依靠化學(xué)抑制作用中斷燃燒的鏈?zhǔn)椒磻?yīng)，并輔以物理窒息與熱輻射阻隔，從而實現(xiàn)高效滅火。掌握裝備結(jié)構(gòu)是理解工作原理、規(guī)范開展實操的基礎(chǔ)，具體操作步驟規(guī)范如下：
Schematic diagram of the composition structure of a dry powder fire truck (IV) Working principle: The core principle of fire extinguishing for a dry powder fire truck is to use high-pressure nitrogen as the driving medium to spray dry powder fire extinguishing agent at high speed through pipelines; By relying on chemical inhibition to interrupt the chain reaction of combustion, supplemented by physical suffocation and thermal radiation barrier, efficient fire extinguishing can be achieved. Mastering equipment structure is the foundation for understanding working principles and carrying out practical operations in a standardized manner. The specific operational steps are as follows:
1.戰(zhàn)前準(zhǔn)備：消防車輛抵達(dá)火災(zāi)現(xiàn)場后，立即?？吭诨鹪瓷巷L(fēng)向安全區(qū)域（根據(jù)火勢大小，安全距離控制在5-10米，火勢較大時可適當(dāng)擴(kuò)大至10-15米），拉緊手剎、關(guān)閉車輛發(fā)動機、開啟駐車制動，確保車輛穩(wěn)定停靠，防止作業(yè)過程中滑動。同時，操作人員需穿戴齊全個人防護(hù)裝備（頭盔、防火服、防護(hù)手套、防滑靴），確認(rèn)現(xiàn)場無易燃易爆物品殘留、無人員被困后，啟動裝備準(zhǔn)備開展作業(yè)，全程操作控制在5分鐘內(nèi)，為火情處置爭取時間。
1. Pre war preparation: After the fire truck arrives at the scene of the fire, it should immediately park in a safe area upwind of the fire source (depending on the size of the fire, the safe distance should be controlled at 5-10 meters, and can be appropriately expanded to 10-15 meters when the fire is large), tighten the handbrake, turn off the vehicle engine, and turn on the parking brake to ensure stable parking and prevent sliding during operation. At the same time, operators need to wear complete personal protective equipment (helmets, fire-resistant clothing, protective gloves, anti slip boots), confirm that there are no flammable or explosive materials left on site, and that no personnel are trapped, then start the equipment to prepare for the operation. The entire operation should be controlled within 5 minutes to buy time for fire disposal.
2.系統(tǒng)檢查：作業(yè)前需再次全面排查裝備狀態(tài)，逐一確認(rèn)各項指標(biāo)達(dá)標(biāo)，常規(guī)檢查時長不超過3分鐘：干粉罐壓力表數(shù)值在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)范圍（0.8-1.4MPa，常規(guī)工況下推薦保持在1.0MPa左右）；氮氣體瓶壓力符合作業(yè)要求（不低于12MPa，常規(guī)工況下推薦保持在15MPa左右）；出粉管路、吹掃管路、放余氣管路無破損、無松動，接口密封嚴(yán)實；干粉炮、干粉槍外觀完好，定位機構(gòu)靈活，變量閥切換順暢；附加電氣系統(tǒng)運行正常，警燈、警報、作業(yè)照明工作正常，避免夜間或昏暗環(huán)境影響操作安全。
2. System inspection: Before starting the operation, it is necessary to thoroughly check the equipment status and confirm that each indicator meets the standard. The routine inspection should not exceed 3 minutes. The pressure gauge value of the dry powder tank should be within the standard range (0.8-1.4MPa, and it is recommended to maintain it at around 1.0MPa under normal working conditions); The pressure of the nitrogen gas cylinder meets the operational requirements (not less than 12MPa, and it is recommended to maintain around 15MPa under normal operating conditions); The powder discharge pipeline, blowing pipeline, and residual gas discharge pipeline are not damaged or loose, and the interface is tightly sealed; The appearance of the dry powder cannon and dry powder gun is intact, the positioning mechanism is flexible, and the variable valve switches smoothly; The additional electrical system is operating normally, and the warning lights, alarms, and work lighting are working properly to avoid nighttime or dim environments that may affect operational safety.
3.系統(tǒng)啟動：系統(tǒng)啟動前確認(rèn)各干粉出口閥均處于關(guān)閉狀態(tài)；操作人員緩慢打開氮氣體瓶組閥門，通過輸氣系統(tǒng)壓力閥，將氮氣壓力調(diào)節(jié)至與干粉罐適配的工作壓力（根據(jù)火情大小，常規(guī)調(diào)節(jié)至0.6-0.8MPa，火勢較小時推薦0.6MPa，火勢較大時推薦0.8MPa），觀察壓力表指針穩(wěn)定后，確認(rèn)氮氣輸送正常、無漏氣現(xiàn)象，方可進(jìn)入下一步火情處置操作；嚴(yán)禁違規(guī)操作引發(fā)安全隱患，全程操作需平穩(wěn)緩慢，避免壓力驟升。
3. System startup: Before starting the system, confirm that all dry powder outlet valves are closed; The operator slowly opens the valve of the nitrogen gas cylinder group and adjusts the nitrogen pressure to the working pressure suitable for the dry powder tank through the pressure valve of the gas transmission system (usually adjusted to 0.6-0.8MPa according to the size of the fire, 0.6MPa is recommended for small fires, and 0.8MPa is recommended for large fires). After observing the stability of the pressure gauge pointer, it is confirmed that the nitrogen transmission is normal and there is no leakage before entering the next step of fire disposal operation; It is strictly prohibited to engage in illegal operations that may cause safety hazards. The entire process should be smooth and slow to avoid sudden pressure increases.
4.火情處置：根據(jù)火情類型、火勢大小，合理選擇噴射裝備開展處置：火勢較大時，啟用干粉炮，調(diào)整炮管角度（以水平或傾斜為宜，避免垂直噴射），切換變量閥至對應(yīng)發(fā)射強度，打開干粉炮球閥，瞄準(zhǔn)火源根部勻速噴射干粉，噴射速度控制在0.8-1.2m/s，避免速度過快導(dǎo)致干粉飛濺、影響覆蓋效果，確保滅火劑全面覆蓋火源，快速壓制火勢；近距離處置小型火情或精準(zhǔn)撲救局部火源時，展開干粉槍卷盤，連接好干粉槍，操作人員握住槍身保持穩(wěn)定，瞄準(zhǔn)火源根部扣動扳機噴射，噴射過程中可小幅移動槍身，擴(kuò)大滅火劑覆蓋范圍，確保徹底撲滅火源、嚴(yán)防復(fù)燃。
4. Fire disposal: According to the type and size of the fire, choose appropriate spraying equipment for disposal: when the fire is large, use the dry powder cannon, adjust the angle of the cannon barrel (preferably horizontal or inclined, avoid vertical spraying), switch the variable valve to the corresponding firing intensity, open the ball valve of the dry powder cannon, aim at the root of the fire source, spray dry powder at a constant speed, control the spraying speed at 0.8-1.2m/s, avoid the speed being too fast, which may cause dry powder splashing and affect the coverage effect, ensure that the fire extinguishing agent fully covers the fire source, and quickly suppress the fire; When dealing with small fires at close range or accurately extinguishing local sources of fire, unfold the dry powder gun reel, connect the dry powder gun, and the operator holds the gun body to maintain stability. Aim at the root of the fire source and pull the trigger to spray. During the spraying process, the gun body can be moved slightly to expand the coverage of the fire extinguishing agent, ensuring complete extinguishing of the fire source and preventing re ignition.
5.作業(yè)收尾：火情徹底撲滅后，先關(guān)閉氮氣體瓶組閥門、停止氮氣輸送，隨后啟動吹掃管路控制按鈕，對出粉管路、干粉炮、干粉槍進(jìn)行全面吹掃，持續(xù)3-5分鐘（管路較長時可延長至5-8分鐘），確保管路內(nèi)無余粉殘留；吹掃完成后，緩慢打開放余氣管路閥門，釋放干粉罐內(nèi)剩余氣體，待壓力表指針回歸零位后，關(guān)閉放余氣閥門；最后，整理好干粉槍、卷盤及各類管路，清理車身及作業(yè)現(xiàn)場殘留干粉，全面檢查裝備無異常后，關(guān)閉所有電氣系統(tǒng)，準(zhǔn)備撤離現(xiàn)場。簡易操作流程中概括如下：
5. Homework completion: After the fire is completely extinguished, first close the valve of the nitrogen gas cylinder group, stop nitrogen gas delivery, and then activate the control button of the blowing pipeline to comprehensively blow the powder outlet pipeline, dry powder gun, and dry powder gun for 3-5 minutes (which can be extended to 5-8 minutes if the pipeline is long), ensuring that there is no residual powder in the pipeline; After the purging is completed, slowly open the valve of the residual gas pipeline to release the remaining gas in the dry powder tank. After the pressure gauge pointer returns to zero, close the residual gas valve; Finally, organize the dry powder gun, reel, and various pipelines, clean up the residual dry powder on the vehicle body and work site, thoroughly inspect the equipment for any abnormalities, turn off all electrical systems, and prepare to evacuate the site. The simplified operation process can be summarized as follows:
1.待命：瓶頭閥關(guān)閉，高低壓截止閥關(guān)閉，罐內(nèi)常壓。
1. Standby: The bottle head valve is closed, the high and low pressure shut-off valves are closed, and the tank is at normal pressure.
2.準(zhǔn)備/充氣： 打開氮氣瓶頭閥-開高壓截止閥-減壓閥自動輸出1.4MPa；開進(jìn)氣總閥-氮氣從罐底環(huán)管進(jìn)入，攪動干粉呈沸騰狀；罐壓升至1.4MPa減壓閥自動穩(wěn)壓，停止進(jìn)氣。
2. Preparation/inflation: Open the nitrogen cylinder head valve - open the high-pressure cut-off valve - the pressure reducing valve will automatically output 1.4MPa; Open the intake valve - nitrogen enters from the bottom ring pipe of the tank, stirring the dry powder to form a boiling state; When the tank pressure rises to 1.4MPa, the pressure reducing valve automatically stabilizes and stops air intake.
3.噴射：打開炮/槍控制開關(guān)-氣動執(zhí)行器打開出粉球閥，罐內(nèi)1.4MPa氮氣攜帶干粉噴出;罐壓下降-減壓閥自動補壓，持續(xù)噴射。
3. Spray: Open the cannon/gun control switch - the pneumatic actuator opens the powder discharge ball valve, and 1.4MPa nitrogen gas carrying dry powder is sprayed out from the tank; Tank pressure drops - the pressure reducing valve automatically replenishes pressure and continues to spray.
4.停止+吹掃:關(guān)出粉閥-關(guān)進(jìn)氣球閥,開吹掃球閥-余氮反吹管路，防止干粉結(jié)塊堵塞。
4. Stop+Blow: Close the powder outlet valve - close the inlet balloon valve, open the blow ball valve - residual nitrogen blowback pipeline to prevent dry powder agglomeration and blockage.
5.復(fù)位:放余氣-關(guān)閉所有閥門-恢復(fù)待命。
5. Reset: Release residual gas - close all valves - restore standby.
（五）使用注意事項
?。?） Precautions for use
1.作業(yè)前必須全面檢查整車及各系統(tǒng)狀態(tài)，嚴(yán)格遵循GB7956.4《消防車第4部分干粉消防車》及GB7956.1《消防車第1部分通用技術(shù)條件》要求，重點確認(rèn)干粉罐壓力、氮氣體瓶壓力符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，出粉管路、吹掃管路無破損、無堵塞，附加電氣系統(tǒng)工作正常；堅決杜絕帶故障作業(yè)，確保裝備各項性能達(dá)標(biāo)，保障作業(yè)安全。
1. Before starting the task, a comprehensive inspection of the entire vehicle and all systems must be conducted, strictly following the requirements of GB7956.4 "Fire Trucks Part 4: Dry Powder Fire Trucks" and GB7956.1 "Fire Trucks Part 1: General Technical Conditions". The focus should be on confirming that the pressure of the dry powder tank and nitrogen gas cylinder meet the standards, and that the powder outlet and purging pipelines are not damaged or blocked. The additional electrical system should also be functioning properly; Resolutely eliminate operations with malfunctions, ensure that all equipment performance meets standards, and guarantee operational safety.
2.撲救帶電設(shè)備火災(zāi)時，需先確認(rèn)設(shè)備電壓等級，操作人員及噴射裝備需與帶電體保持安全距離（電壓10kV及以下時，安全距離不小于0.7米；電壓35kV及以上時，安全距離不小于1米）；嚴(yán)禁干粉槍、干粉炮直接接觸帶電體，嚴(yán)禁在未確認(rèn)安全距離的情況下噴射，嚴(yán)禁用濕手操作干粉槍，防止觸電事故發(fā)生；撲救易燃液體火災(zāi)時，操作人員必須站在上風(fēng)向位置，避免滅火劑被風(fēng)吹向自身，切實保障人身安全。
When extinguishing fires caused by live equipment, it is necessary to first confirm the voltage level of the equipment. Operators and spraying equipment should maintain a safe distance from the live body (when the voltage is 10kV or below, the safe distance should not be less than 0.7 meters); When the voltage is 35kV or above, the safe distance should not be less than 1 meter; It is strictly prohibited for dry powder guns and dry powder cannons to come into direct contact with charged objects. It is strictly prohibited to spray without confirming a safe distance. It is also strictly prohibited to operate dry powder guns with wet hands to prevent electric shock accidents; When extinguishing flammable liquid fires, operators must stand in an upwind position to avoid the fire extinguishing agent being blown towards themselves by the wind, effectively ensuring personal safety.
3.噴射干粉過程中，需根據(jù)火勢大小靈活調(diào)節(jié)干粉炮發(fā)射強度，避免過度噴射造成滅火劑浪費；滅火作業(yè)結(jié)束后，必須啟動吹掃管路，徹底清除管路內(nèi)余粉，防止余粉結(jié)塊堵塞管路，影響裝備下次正常使用。
During the process of spraying dry powder, it is necessary to flexibly adjust the firing intensity of the dry powder cannon according to the size of the fire to avoid excessive spraying and waste of extinguishing agent; After the fire extinguishing operation is completed, it is necessary to start blowing the pipeline to thoroughly remove the residual powder in the pipeline, prevent the residual powder from clumping and blocking the pipeline, and affect the normal use of the equipment next time.
4.作業(yè)過程中若發(fā)現(xiàn)干粉罐壓力表數(shù)值異常升高，需立即停止作業(yè)，關(guān)閉氮氣體瓶組閥門，通過放余氣管路緩慢釋放罐內(nèi)余氣，待壓力回歸正常后，全面排查漏氣、管路堵塞等故障，故障徹底排除后方可繼續(xù)作業(yè)；嚴(yán)禁帶故障強行作業(yè)。
4. If the pressure gauge value of the dry powder tank is found to be abnormally high during the operation, the operation should be stopped immediately, the nitrogen gas cylinder group valve should be closed, and the residual gas in the tank should be slowly released through the residual gas pipeline. After the pressure returns to normal, the faults such as gas leakage and pipeline blockage should be comprehensively investigated. Only after the faults are completely eliminated can the operation continue; It is strictly prohibited to carry out forced operations with faults.
5.需定期檢查干粉滅火劑狀態(tài)，若發(fā)現(xiàn)干粉出現(xiàn)結(jié)塊、變質(zhì)、過期等情況，需及時更換，確保滅火效果，避免因滅火劑失效導(dǎo)致火情處置延誤、造成損失擴(kuò)大。
5. It is necessary to regularly check the status of the dry powder fire extinguishing agent. If clumping, deterioration, expiration, etc. are found in the dry powder, it should be replaced in a timely manner to ensure the fire extinguishing effect and avoid delays in fire disposal and expansion of losses caused by the failure of the fire extinguishing agent.
6.高壓輸氣管路結(jié)霜相關(guān)注意事項：①作業(yè)時若發(fā)現(xiàn)高壓輸氣管路結(jié)霜，屬于正常物理現(xiàn)象，無需停止作業(yè)，但需避免用手直接觸摸結(jié)霜管路，防止凍傷；②結(jié)霜嚴(yán)重時，需檢查管路接口密封情況，若伴隨漏氣，會導(dǎo)致結(jié)霜加劇，需立即停止作業(yè)，排查并更換密封件，擰緊接口螺栓；③作業(yè)結(jié)束后，待管路溫度恢復(fù)至常溫、結(jié)霜完全融化后，再對管路進(jìn)行清潔和檢查，避免殘留水分導(dǎo)致管路腐蝕；④長期使用后，需定期檢查高壓輸氣管路保溫層（若有），若保溫層破損，需及時修補或更換，減少結(jié)霜現(xiàn)象，保護(hù)管路性能；⑤冬季或低溫環(huán)境下，結(jié)霜現(xiàn)象會更明顯，作業(yè)前可提前檢查管路狀態(tài)，作業(yè)后及時排空管路內(nèi)殘留氣體，防止管路因低溫結(jié)冰損壞。
6. Precautions for frosting on high-pressure gas pipelines: ① If frosting is found on the high-pressure gas pipeline during homework, it is a normal physical phenomenon and does not require stopping the work. However, it is necessary to avoid touching the frosting pipeline directly with hands to prevent frostbite; ② When frost is severe, it is necessary to check the sealing condition of the pipeline interface. If there is air leakage, it will cause the frost to intensify. The operation should be stopped immediately, the sealing components should be checked and replaced, and the interface bolts should be tightened; ③ After the homework is completed, wait for the pipeline temperature to return to room temperature and the frost to completely melt before cleaning and inspecting the pipeline to avoid residual moisture causing corrosion; ④ After long-term use, it is necessary to regularly check the insulation layer of the high-pressure gas transmission pipeline (if any). If the insulation layer is damaged, it should be repaired or replaced in a timely manner to reduce frosting and protect the performance of the pipeline; ⑤ Frost formation is more pronounced in winter or low temperature environments. Before starting work, it is recommended to check the condition of the pipeline in advance, and promptly exhaust any residual gas in the pipeline after work to prevent damage due to low-temperature icing.
?。┚S護(hù)保養(yǎng)
?。?） Maintenance and upkeep
裝備維護(hù)保養(yǎng)是保障干粉消防車時刻處于良好戰(zhàn)備狀態(tài)、延長裝備使用壽命、防范作業(yè)故障的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)，需嚴(yán)格遵循以下規(guī)范，確保裝備隨時可投入實戰(zhàn)：1.日常維護(hù)：每日作業(yè)結(jié)束后，需檢查車身外觀、底盤部件有無破損、松動，及時清理上裝箱體雜物；檢查氮氣體瓶壓力，確保符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求；排查各管路接口密封情況，嚴(yán)防漏氣、漏粉，重點檢查高壓輸氣管路，若作業(yè)中出現(xiàn)結(jié)霜加劇現(xiàn)象，需重點排查接口密封是否完好；清潔干粉炮、干粉槍，清除表面及管路內(nèi)殘留余粉，確保裝備外觀整潔、功能完好，隨時處于戰(zhàn)備狀態(tài)。2.定期保養(yǎng)：每月對附加電氣系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行全面檢測，更換損壞的燈泡、線路，確保警燈、警報、照明系統(tǒng)正常工作，符合GB7956.1《消防車第1部分通用技術(shù)條件》中電氣系統(tǒng)相關(guān)規(guī)定；每季度檢查干粉罐密封性，開展壓力測試，測試壓力需符合GB7956.4標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定的試驗壓力（通常為工作壓力的1.2倍），排查泄漏隱患（由專業(yè)維修人員負(fù)責(zé)），嚴(yán)格遵循GB7956.4《消防車第4部分干粉消防車》中罐體密封及壓力測試相關(guān)規(guī)范，同時檢查高壓輸氣管路有無破損、腐蝕，重點查看結(jié)霜頻繁區(qū)域的管路狀況，及時處理管路破損、保溫層損壞等問題；每半年對氮氣體瓶組進(jìn)行專業(yè)校驗（由專業(yè)維修人員負(fù)責(zé)），更換過期、不合格氣瓶，符合高壓容器相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及GB7956.4《消防車第4部分干粉消防車》中動力系統(tǒng)相關(guān)要求；每年對整個干粉滅火系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行全面拆解檢查（由專業(yè)維修人員負(fù)責(zé)，保養(yǎng)時長不超過4小時），更換老化、破損部件，確保系統(tǒng)整體性能穩(wěn)定，符合系列國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定。3.存放保養(yǎng)：消防車輛需停放在干燥、通風(fēng)、陰涼的庫房內(nèi)，避免陽光暴曬、雨淋、潮濕環(huán)境侵蝕；長期停放時，需釋放干粉罐內(nèi)剩余氣體，排空管路余粉，定期啟動車輛，檢查底盤、發(fā)動機運行狀態(tài)，防止部件老化、銹蝕，確保裝備隨時可投入實戰(zhàn)使用。
Equipment maintenance is a key link in ensuring that dry powder fire trucks are always in good combat readiness, extending equipment service life, and preventing operational failures. It is necessary to strictly follow the following specifications to ensure that the equipment can be put into practical use at any time: 1 Daily maintenance: After completing daily tasks, it is necessary to check the appearance of the vehicle body and chassis components for any damage or looseness, and promptly clean up any debris in the upper box; Check the pressure of the nitrogen gas cylinder to ensure compliance with standard requirements; Check the sealing condition of each pipeline interface, strictly prevent air leakage and powder leakage, and focus on inspecting the high-pressure gas transmission pipeline. If frosting intensifies during operation, it is necessary to focus on checking whether the interface sealing is intact; Clean the dry powder cannon and dry powder gun, remove residual powder on the surface and in the pipeline, ensure the appearance of the equipment is clean, the function is intact, and it is always in a state of readiness. 2. Regular maintenance: Conduct a comprehensive inspection of the additional electrical system every month, replace damaged bulbs and circuits, ensure the normal operation of the alarm lights, alarms, and lighting systems, and comply with the relevant electrical system regulations in GB7956.1 "General Technical Conditions for Fire Trucks Part 1"; Check the sealing of the dry powder tank every quarter, conduct pressure tests, and ensure that the test pressure meets the test pressure specified in GB7956.4 standard (usually 1.2 times the working pressure). Identify potential leakage hazards (handled by professional maintenance personnel), strictly follow the relevant specifications for tank sealing and pressure testing in GB7956.4 "Fire Trucks Part 4: Dry Powder Fire Trucks", and inspect the high-pressure gas transmission pipeline for damage and corrosion. Focus on checking the condition of pipelines in areas with frequent frosting, and promptly address issues such as pipeline damage and insulation layer damage; Every six months, the nitrogen gas cylinder group shall be professionally calibrated (by professional maintenance personnel), and expired or unqualified gas cylinders shall be replaced to meet the relevant standards of high-pressure vessels and the requirements of the power system in GB7956.4 "Fire Trucks Part 4: Dry Powder Fire Trucks"; Every year, a comprehensive dismantling and inspection of the entire dry powder fire extinguishing system is carried out (by professional maintenance personnel, with a maintenance duration of no more than 4 hours), replacing aging and damaged components to ensure the overall stability of the system performance and compliance with a series of national standards. 3. Storage and maintenance: Fire trucks should be parked in a dry, ventilated, and cool warehouse to avoid exposure to sunlight, rain, and humid environments; When parked for a long time, it is necessary to release the remaining gas in the dry powder tank, empty the remaining powder in the pipeline, start the vehicle regularly, check the operation status of the chassis and engine, prevent component aging and corrosion, and ensure that the equipment can be put into practical use at any time.
?。ㄆ撸┏Ｒ姽收霞芭懦椒?nbsp; 實戰(zhàn)作業(yè)中，需熟練掌握常見故障排查及排除方法，明確故障判斷依據(jù)，快速解決裝備故障，保障火情處置順利開展，具體如下：
?。?） Common faults and troubleshooting methods In practical operations, it is necessary to proficiently master common troubleshooting and elimination methods, clarify the basis for fault diagnosis, quickly solve equipment failures, and ensure smooth fire disposal. The specific steps are as follows:
1.干粉噴射無力：判斷依據(jù)為干粉噴射射程明顯縮短、呈散落狀，無法有效覆蓋火源，部分情況下伴隨高壓輸氣管路結(jié)霜加劇。故障原因主要為氮氣體瓶壓力不足、輸氣管路堵塞或接口漏氣，其中高壓輸氣管路漏氣會導(dǎo)致結(jié)霜加劇，同時伴隨噴射無力，需重點排查；若排查無漏氣、無堵塞，需檢查減壓閥是否失靈，及時維修或更換。排除方法：及時檢查氮氣體瓶壓力，不足時補充充氣；拆解輸氣管路，清理內(nèi)部堵塞物；檢查管路接口密封件，更換破損部件，擰緊接口螺栓，確保密封嚴(yán)實，若結(jié)霜嚴(yán)重需先待管路升溫后再進(jìn)行檢修；檢查減壓閥，若出現(xiàn)失靈及時維修或更換。
1. Weak dry powder spraying: The judgment basis is that the dry powder spraying range is significantly shortened and scattered, which cannot effectively cover the fire source. In some cases, it is accompanied by increased frosting in the high-pressure gas pipeline. The main causes of the malfunction are insufficient pressure in the nitrogen gas cylinder, blockage in the gas transmission pipeline, or air leakage at the interface. Among them, air leakage in the high-pressure gas transmission pipeline can lead to increased frosting, accompanied by weak spraying, which needs to be carefully investigated; If there is no air leakage or blockage during the inspection, it is necessary to check whether the pressure reducing valve is malfunctioning and repair or replace it in a timely manner. Exclusion method: Check the pressure of the nitrogen gas cylinder in a timely manner and inflate it if it is insufficient; Disassemble the gas pipeline and clean up internal blockages; Check the sealing components of the pipeline interface, replace damaged parts, tighten the interface bolts to ensure a tight seal. If frost is severe, wait for the pipeline to heat up before conducting maintenance; Check the pressure reducing valve and repair or replace it promptly if it malfunctions.
2.管路漏粉：判斷依據(jù)為管路接口處有干粉溢出，噴射時干粉損耗嚴(yán)重，無法達(dá)到預(yù)期噴射效果。故障原因多為管路接口密封件老化、破損，或接口螺栓松動。排除方法：及時更換老化、破損的密封件，重新擰緊接口螺栓，確保接口密封嚴(yán)實；全面排查管路有無破損，若有破損及時修補或更換，避免漏粉影響滅火作業(yè)。
2. Pipeline powder leakage: The judgment basis is that there is dry powder overflow at the pipeline interface, and the dry powder loss is severe during spraying, which cannot achieve the expected spraying effect. The main causes of malfunctions are aging or damage to pipeline interface seals, or loose interface bolts. Exclusion method: Replace aging or damaged seals in a timely manner, tighten the interface bolts again, and ensure that the interface is tightly sealed; Conduct a comprehensive inspection of the pipeline for any damage, and promptly repair or replace any damages to prevent powder leakage from affecting firefighting operations.
3.干粉炮無法調(diào)節(jié)角度：判斷依據(jù)為轉(zhuǎn)動干粉炮炮管時卡頓明顯，無法靈活調(diào)整至目標(biāo)角度，或變量閥切換時無明顯反應(yīng)。故障原因主要為定位機構(gòu)卡頓、變量閥損壞，或部件缺少潤滑油。排除方法：清理定位機構(gòu)內(nèi)雜物，添加適量潤滑油，確保機構(gòu)靈活運轉(zhuǎn)；檢查變量閥，若存在損壞及時更換，確保切換順暢，滿足不同火情處置需求。
3. The angle of the dry powder cannon cannot be adjusted: The judgment basis is that there is obvious jamming when rotating the dry powder cannon barrel, and it cannot be flexibly adjusted to the target angle, or there is no obvious response when switching the variable valve. The main causes of the malfunction are jamming of the positioning mechanism, damage to the variable valve, or lack of lubricating oil in the components. Exclusion method: Clean the debris inside the positioning mechanism, add an appropriate amount of lubricating oil, and ensure the flexible operation of the mechanism; Check the variable valve and replace it promptly if there is any damage to ensure smooth switching and meet different fire disposal needs.
4.吹掃管路無法正常工作：判斷依據(jù)為啟動吹掃功能后，無氣體排出，或管路內(nèi)余粉無法有效清除，下次使用時出現(xiàn)管路堵塞。故障原因多為管路堵塞、控制閥門失靈。排除方法：拆解吹掃管路，清理內(nèi)部堵塞物；檢修控制閥門，若出現(xiàn)失靈情況及時維修或更換，確保吹掃功能正常，保障管路清潔無余粉。
4. The blowing pipeline cannot work normally: The judgment basis is that after starting the blowing function, no gas is discharged, or the residual powder in the pipeline cannot be effectively removed, resulting in pipeline blockage during the next use. The main causes of malfunctions are pipeline blockages and malfunctioning control valves. Exclusion method: Disassemble the blowing pipeline and clean the internal blockage; Inspect the control valve and promptly repair or replace it in case of malfunction to ensure the normal blowing function and ensure that the pipeline is clean and free of residual powder.
二、干粉泡沫聯(lián)用消防車
2、 Dry powder foam combined fire truck
干粉泡沫聯(lián)用消防車是在純干粉消防車基礎(chǔ)上升級而來的組合式裝備，本質(zhì)是干粉消防車與泡沫消防車的融合，核心優(yōu)勢是可根據(jù)火情類型靈活切換干粉、泡沫兩種滅火劑，適配復(fù)合型火災(zāi)（如易燃液體+固體火災(zāi)）的處置需求，大幅提升火情處置的靈活性和有效性，彌補單一滅火劑的處置局限性。該車型在干粉消防車基礎(chǔ)上，新增泡沫罐、泡沫比例混合器等泡沫滅火系統(tǒng)核心部件，需同時遵循GB7956.3《消防車第3部分泡沫消防車》、GB7956.4《消防車第4部分干粉消防車》及GB7956.1通用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；其使用、維護(hù)與保養(yǎng)需嚴(yán)格遵循干粉消防車和泡沫消防車的相關(guān)操作規(guī)范，重點關(guān)注兩種系統(tǒng)的協(xié)調(diào)配合，具體實操補充如下：1.切換操作：作業(yè)時需根據(jù)火情類型精準(zhǔn)切換滅火劑模式，嚴(yán)格遵循GB7956.3、GB7956.4及GB7956.1標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求——撲救易燃?xì)怏w、帶電設(shè)備火災(zāi)時，切換至干粉模式，操作流程與純干粉消防車完全一致；撲救大面積易燃液體火災(zāi)時，切換至泡沫模式，先檢查泡沫罐內(nèi)泡沫液儲量充足、泡沫比例混合器工作正常，開啟泡沫泵，將混合比例調(diào)節(jié)至標(biāo)準(zhǔn)范圍（一般為3%-6%），通過泡沫炮或泡沫槍噴射泡沫，確保泡沫均勻覆蓋液面，隔絕氧氣、壓制火情，泡沫系統(tǒng)各項性能需符合GB7956.3標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；處置復(fù)合型火災(zāi)時，可先使用干粉快速控制明火，再切換至泡沫模式鞏固滅火效果，有效防止火情復(fù)燃。切換模式后，需先進(jìn)行10-15秒試噴，確認(rèn)滅火劑噴射正常后，再開展正式滅火作業(yè)，避免管路堵塞或模式切換異常影響處置效率。2.協(xié)調(diào)注意：切換滅火劑模式時，需先關(guān)閉當(dāng)前模式的動力系統(tǒng)（干粉模式關(guān)閉氮氣體瓶組，泡沫模式關(guān)閉泡沫泵），等待管路內(nèi)殘留滅火劑完全排空后，再啟動另一種模式，避免干粉與泡沫混合結(jié)塊，堵塞管路或影響滅火效果；作業(yè)過程中，需實時監(jiān)測兩種系統(tǒng)的壓力、液位，確保裝備運行穩(wěn)定，發(fā)現(xiàn)異常立即停止作業(yè)、排查故障，杜絕安全隱患。
The dry powder foam combined fire truck is a combined equipment upgraded from the pure dry powder fire truck. Its essence is the integration of dry powder fire truck and foam fire truck. Its core advantage is that it can flexibly switch dry powder and foam extinguishing agents according to the fire type, adapt to the disposal requirements of composite fire (such as flammable liquid+solid fire), greatly improve the flexibility and effectiveness of fire disposal, and make up for the disposal limitations of single extinguishing agent. On the basis of dry powder fire engines, this model adds foam tank, foam proportioner and other core components of foam fire extinguishing system, which should also comply with GB7956.3 Fire Vehicles Part 3 foam Fire Vehicles, GB7956.4 Fire Vehicles Part 4 Dry Powder Fire Vehicles and GB7956.1 general standards; Its use, maintenance and repair should strictly follow the relevant operating specifications of dry powder fire truck and foam fire truck, and focus on the coordination of the two systems. The specific practical operations are supplemented as follows: 1. " Switching operation: During operation, it is necessary to accurately switch the fire extinguishing agent mode according to the type of fire, strictly following the requirements of GB7956.3, GB7956.4, and GB7956.1 standards - when extinguishing flammable gas or live equipment fires, switch to dry powder mode, and the operation process is completely consistent with that of pure dry powder fire trucks; When putting out a large area of flammable liquid fire, switch to foam mode. First check that the foam liquid reserves in the foam tank are sufficient and the foam proportioner works normally. Start the foam pump, adjust the mixing ratio to the standard range (generally 3% -6%), spray foam through the foam monitor or foam gun, ensure that the foam evenly covers the liquid surface, insulates oxygen, and suppresses the fire. All performances of the foam system must meet the GB7956.3 standard; When dealing with compound fire, dry powder can be used to quickly control the open fire, and then switch to foam mode to consolidate the fire extinguishing effect and effectively prevent fire recurrence. After switching modes, it is necessary to conduct a 10-15 second trial spraying to confirm that the fire extinguishing agent is spraying normally before carrying out formal fire extinguishing operations to avoid pipeline blockage or abnormal mode switching affecting disposal efficiency. 2. Coordination attention: when switching the extinguishing agent mode, it is necessary to first shut down the power system of the current mode (turn off the nitrogen gas cylinder group in the dry powder mode, and turn off the foam pump in the foam mode), wait until the residual extinguishing agent in the pipeline is completely discharged, and then start another mode to prevent the dry powder and foam from mixing and caking, blocking the pipeline or affecting the fire extinguishing effect; During the homework process, it is necessary to monitor the pressure and liquid level of both systems in real time to ensure stable equipment operation. If any abnormalities are found, the work should be stopped immediately, and faults should be investigated to eliminate safety hazards.
三、干粉水聯(lián)用消防車
3、 Dry powder water combined fire truck
干粉水聯(lián)用消防車與干粉泡沫聯(lián)用消防車類似，同樣是純干粉消防車的升級組合款，是干粉消防車與水罐消防車的融合裝備，兼具干粉滅火的快速高效和水滅火的降溫冷卻優(yōu)勢，適用于撲救可燃固體火災(zāi)、帶電設(shè)備火災(zāi)及各類復(fù)合型火災(zāi)，能有效解決單一滅火劑處置火情的局限性，提升火情處置的全面性和有效性。該車型在干粉消防車基礎(chǔ)上，增設(shè)水罐、水泵、水炮等水滅火系統(tǒng)部件，需同時遵循GB7956.2《消防車第2部分水罐消防車》、GB7956.4《消防車第4部分干粉消防車》及GB7956.1通用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；其使用、維護(hù)與保養(yǎng)需嚴(yán)格遵循干粉消防車和水罐消防車的相關(guān)規(guī)范，核心關(guān)注兩種系統(tǒng)的協(xié)調(diào)運行，具體實操補充如下：
Similar to the dry powder foam combined fire truck, the dry powder water combined fire truck is also an upgraded combination of the pure dry powder fire truck. It is the integration equipment of the dry powder fire truck and the water tank fire truck. It has the advantages of fast and efficient dry powder fire extinguishing and cooling of water fire extinguishing. It is suitable for fighting combustible solid fires, live equipment fires and various composite fires, and can effectively solve the limitations of single fire extinguishing agent to deal with fire, improving the comprehensiveness and effectiveness of fire disposal. On the basis of dry powder fire trucks, this model is equipped with water extinguishing system components such as water tanks, water pumps, and water cannons, which must comply with the general standards of GB7956.2 "Fire Trucks Part 2 Water Tank Fire Trucks", GB7956.4 "Fire Trucks Part 4 Dry Powder Fire Trucks", and GB7956.1; Its use, maintenance, and upkeep must strictly follow the relevant specifications of dry powder fire trucks and water tank fire trucks, with a focus on the coordinated operation of the two systems. The specific practical supplements are as follows:
1.協(xié)同滅火：撲救可燃固體火災(zāi)（如木材、織物、煤炭等）時，可先使用干粉模式快速壓制明火，待明火徹底撲滅后，切換至水模式，通過水炮或水槍噴射水流，對火場進(jìn)行全面降溫冷卻，清除余火，有效防止火情復(fù)燃；撲救帶電設(shè)備火災(zāi)時，僅可使用干粉模式，嚴(yán)禁切換水模式，避免水流導(dǎo)電引發(fā)觸電事故；處置復(fù)合型火災(zāi)時，根據(jù)火情優(yōu)先級靈活切換兩種模式，先控火、后降溫，確保滅火效率和作業(yè)安全。切換模式后，需先進(jìn)行10-15秒試噴，確認(rèn)滅火劑噴射正常后，再開展正式滅火作業(yè)，避免管路堵塞或模式切換異常影響處置效率。
1. Collaborative fire extinguishing: When extinguishing combustible solid fires (such as wood, fabric, coal, etc.), dry powder mode can be used to quickly suppress the open flame. After the open flame is completely extinguished, switch to water mode and use water cannons or water guns to spray water to comprehensively cool down the fire scene, remove residual fire, and effectively prevent the fire from reigniting; When extinguishing fires caused by live equipment, only dry powder mode can be used, and switching to water mode is strictly prohibited to avoid electric shock accidents caused by water flow conduction; When dealing with composite fires, flexibly switch between two modes based on the priority of the fire situation, control the fire first and then cool down, to ensure fire extinguishing efficiency and operational safety. After switching modes, it is necessary to conduct a 10-15 second trial spraying to confirm that the fire extinguishing agent is spraying normally before carrying out formal fire extinguishing operations to avoid pipeline blockage or abnormal mode switching affecting disposal efficiency.
2.操作規(guī)范：切換至水模式作業(yè)時，需嚴(yán)格遵循GB7956.2《消防車第2部分水罐消防車》及GB7956.1標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求，先檢查水罐水位充足、水泵運行正常，水管路無漏水現(xiàn)象，將水壓調(diào)節(jié)至合適范圍（0.5-1.0MPa）；噴射水流時，避免直接沖擊帶電體、高溫容器，防止發(fā)生觸電或容器炸裂事故；作業(yè)結(jié)束后，需分別對干粉系統(tǒng)和水系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行收尾處理——干粉系統(tǒng)按純干粉消防車流程完成吹掃、放余氣操作（符合GB7956.4標(biāo)準(zhǔn)），水系統(tǒng)需排空管路內(nèi)積水，防止冬季結(jié)冰或管路腐蝕，延長裝備使用壽命，確保水系統(tǒng)各項性能符合GB7956.2標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
2. Operation specifications: When switching to water mode operation, it is necessary to strictly follow the requirements of GB7956.2 "Fire Trucks Part 2 Water Tank Fire Trucks" and GB7956.1 standards. First, check that the water level in the water tank is sufficient, the water pump is running normally, and there is no leakage in the water pipeline. Adjust the water pressure to the appropriate range (0.5-1.0MPa); When spraying water, avoid direct impact on charged bodies and high-temperature containers to prevent electric shock or container explosion accidents; After the homework is completed, the dry powder system and water system need to be treated separately - the dry powder system should be purged and vented according to the pure dry powder fire truck process (in compliance with GB7956.4 standard), and the water system should be drained of accumulated water in the pipeline to prevent freezing or pipeline corrosion in winter, extend the service life of equipment, and ensure that the performance of the water system meets GB7956.2 standard.
本指南重點圍繞干粉系列消防車的核心知識點、實操流程及注意事項展開，全程嚴(yán)格遵循GB7956.1-4系列國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求，貼合一線消防救援人員的實戰(zhàn)需求。實操過程中應(yīng)結(jié)合裝備實際情況和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范，遵循操作流程，開展技能演練和裝備維護(hù)，不斷提升實操能力，確保在實戰(zhàn)中能夠快速、高效、安全處置各類火情，全力保障人員與裝備安全，確保各項作業(yè)完全符合國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求。
This guide focuses on the core knowledge points, practical procedures, and precautions of dry powder series fire trucks, strictly following the requirements of GB7956.1-4 series national standards throughout the process, and meeting the practical needs of frontline firefighting and rescue personnel. During the practical operation, it is necessary to combine the actual situation of the equipment and standard specifications, follow the operating procedures, carry out skill drills and equipment maintenance, continuously improve practical abilities, ensure that various types of fires can be quickly, efficiently, and safely handled in actual combat, fully guarantee the safety of personnel and equipment, and ensure that all operations fully comply with national standard requirements.
